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Peter Honey

Peter Honey

20 Apr 2009 | 11:08

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I’ve been reading about Roland Fryer, an economics professor at Harvard. He’s experimenting with programmes in US schools that pay kids to learn using a points system for high grades, good behaviour and so on. Inevitably, this has been condemned as bribery, but I can’t help wishing that I had been bribed. I’d have been up for it, that’s for sure.

I messed up my 11-plus and was sent to a secondary modern school where I was treated as a failure. I spent most of my time there knitting (dishcloths progressing to scarves), weaving (scarves again) and doing woodwork (I’m still a dab hand at dovetail joints). School bored me and I didn’t have any inspirational teachers until years later when, miraculously, I made it to the sixth form. My parents were distraught, but all their warnings about mucking up my life chances fell on deaf ears. I simply didn’t care.

I’m convinced that, if I’d been paid to learn, it would have motivated me to learn my times tables, spell those lists of tricky words and name capital cities on a map of the world. I might even have managed to learn a foreign language or to play the piano.

As it is, I finished up with a sad list of lessons learnt from my schooldays:

About the learning process
I learnt that learning was supposed to happen only when you were taught and that what you learnt mattered far more than how you learnt. I learnt that knowing lots of things, passing exams and getting qualifications was the most important life skill.

About teachers
I learnt that the purpose of producing work was to please teachers. Teachers always knew best and were infinitely wiser than I could ever be.

About how to behave
I learnt that expressing my opinions usually resulted in ridicule – and that it paid to be deferential to anyone in authority. I learnt that asking questions (especially “why?”) wasn’t a good idea. I learnt that mistakes were to be avoided and that unpleasant things happened if you were caught making them. I learnt that collaboration was cheating and that being competitive and excelling at sports was the easiest way to win approval.

About the learning environment
I learnt that an autocratic, hierarchical structure, with lots of imposed rules, was the only way to get things done. I learnt that I wasn’t to be trusted – hence the need for close supervision to ensure that I was where I should be and doing what I should be doing. I learnt that it was good for me to do things I didn’t want to do. I learnt that I was a flawed, inadequate person because I wasn’t sufficiently accomplished at things that teachers’ revered – eg, reading aloud in class or being quick at mental arithmetic.

What does your list look like and how might it have changed if you had been bribed?

Comments

1. At 08:56 on 21 Apr 2009, Iain Mackinnon wrote:

I was more fortunate, Peter. At six I was one of 30 pupils at St Peter and St Pauls, a small private school attached to the church in Eckington, Derbyshire, and run by the Rector's sister, Miss Branson, and her colleague, Mrs Hemingway. They encouraged my curiousity.

I remember Miss Branson saying to us all one day about my best friend, Beverley: "there you are: Beverley does so well because she's always asking questions". Curiosity was clearly a good thing.

And I remember Mrs Hemingway putting up a large chart of the world and encouraging us all to bring in labels from bananas and tins of food so we could pin them to the map and see where our food came from. That taught me also that learning needn't be confined to books.

Later on I was deeply frustrated when teachers wasted my time asking me questions to which they obviously knew the answer, but chose not to say! And I've been more frustrated still at the nonsense my childern had to put up with doing formal exams when curiosity really did take second place in pursuit of high grades. My wife and I encouraged them through GCSEs on the basis that they'd get more freedom at A level - and we were wrong: it was just as bad. (And this at some of the most academically successful schools in the country).

Yet my children remain curious, and you clearly did, despite your bad experiences. Is bribery really the way forward? I do hope not. We should encourage curiosity on all fronts, and encourage a belief that learning happens all around us and not solely in the classroom.
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2. At 11:05 on 21 Apr 2009, Andy wrote:

Why am I not surprised – a professor of economics who is clearly from the Skinnerian behaviourist camp of human motivation advocating what does amount to bribery and punishment (two sides of the same coin) to get people to do what he wants?!

What you perhaps don’t realise Peter is that you actually did participate fully in the school of learning-related pay and were rewarded according to the requirements of those teachers and their system, i.e. to please them, to do only what they wanted, to comply and obey at every turn, to be controlled, to avoid punishment and ridicule, to not ask for help, to compete and win. The teachers were probably not at fault – their system made them so.

At my school I was bribed in exactly the same way you and many other children and indeed adults were and indeed continue to be to this day – I would argue particularly more so in today’s environment of targets and league tables! Indeed it doesn’t stop at the school gates. The system of bribery continues into the work place with performance appraisals, pay for performance, incentive plans, etc.

Peter, if you and other readers haven’t already done so, please read W E Deming’s “The New Economics” and Alfie Kohn’s “Punished by Rewards” and you’ll see what this is all about. If you had been paid to learn, the effect would only have been temporary (for as long as the rewards kept coming) and in the long term would have made your learning performance worse – your intrinsic motivation to learn would have been all but destroyed. Iain’s experience is what every home, school and workplace should be advocating and doing. Read Kohn and learn!

Andy Lippok
A Systems Thinker (and not a behaviourist)
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